Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Development of a Care Coordinator Performance Measurement Tool for Indonesian Family Physicians

Retno Asti Werdhani, Astrid Sulistomo, Muchtaruddin Mansyur, Herqutanto Herqutanto, Ismail Wirawan, Ekowati Rahajeng, Adi Heru Husodo

Abstract


Background, aims and objectives: One of the roles of a family physician is as a care coordinator. This study aimed to develop a care coordinator measurement tool for family physicians in Indonesia. The instrument development method was conducted using Expert Judgement, the Delphi Technique and Factor Analysis. Thirteen themes relevant to the work of a care coordinator were obtained from 19 experts. Eighty-eight items were drafted from thematic definition and a literature search. Fifty-four items were selected through 2 rounds of Delphi Technique. No significant characteristic difference were found in both Delphi samples. The items considered very relevant to the work of a care coordinator (Likert scale 8-9) from more than 75% respondents were selected for factor analysis. A factor analysis was conducted on 249 samples. It showed an adequate number of samples and correlation for all items (KMO of Sampling 0.936 and Bartlett’s Test < 0.001). Eleven factors were derived from the results of eigenvalue > 1. Thirty-three items were filtered after determined loading factor > 0.4. Cronbach's alpha for each factor varied from 0.7-0.91. Cronbach's alpha for a total of 33 items was 0.94 with total variation documented as high as 77%.

Conclusion: A valid and reliable care coordinator measurement tool for Indonesian Family Physicians has been developed, consisting of 11 factors and 33 items.


Keywords


Care coordinator, Care Coordinator Measurement Tool, complexity management, Family Physician, measurement, measurement indicators, person-centered healthcare, physician performance

Full Text:

PDF

References


Bodenheimer, T., Bernard, L. & Casalino, L. (1999). Primary care physicians should be coordinators, not gatekeepers. Journal of the American Medical Association 281 (32) 2045-2049.

Stille, C., Jerant, A., Bell, D., Meltzer, D. & Elmore, J. (2005). Coordinating Care across Disease, Settings, and Clinicians: A Key Role for the Generalist in Practice. Annals of Internal Medicine 142, 700-708.

McWhinney, I.R. & Freeman, T. (2009). Principles of Family Medicine. Textbook of Family Medicine. 3rd edn., p. 13-29. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Starfield, B., Shi, L. & Macinko, J. (2005). Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. Milbank Quarterly 83:457-502.

Meyers, D., Peikes, D., Genevro, J., Peterson, G., Taylor, E.F., Lake, T., Smith, K. & Grumbach, K. (2010). The Roles of Patient-Centered Medical Homes and Accountable Care Organizations in Coordinating Patient Care. Rockville MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Starfield, B. (1996). Public health and primary care: a framework for proposed linkages. American Journal of Public Health 86 (10) 1365-1369.

McDonald, K.M., Schultz, E., Noelle, P., Lonhart, J., Chapman, T. & Davies, S. (2012). Care Coordination Accountability Measures for Primary Care Practice. Rockville MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Brancato, G., Macchia, S., Murgia, M., Signore, M., Simeoni, G., Blanke, K., Körner, T., Nimmergut, A., Lima, P., Paulino, R. & Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, J.H.P. (2006). Handbook of Recommended Practices for Questionnaire Development and Testing in the European Statistical System.

Strand, P., Sjoborg, K., Stalmeijer, R., Wichmann-Hansen, G., Jakobsson, U. & Edgren, G. (2013). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Undergraduate Clinical Education Environment Measure (UCEEM). Medical Teacher 13, 1014-1126.

Rattray, J. & Jones, M.C. (2007). Essential Elements of Questionnaire Design and Development. Journal of Clinical Nursing 16, 234-243.

Amir, M.T. (2015). Developing Questionnaire: Concept and Guidence for Behaviour, Attitude, and Personality Research. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group.

Field, A. (2005). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS. 2nd edn. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

Starfield, B. (1998). Primary Care: Balancing Health Needs, Services and Technology. New York: Oxford University Press.

Boelen, C. (2000). The Five-Star Doctor: An asset to health care reform? Geneva: WHO.

National Health System Leadership Academy. (2012). Clinical Leadership Competency Framework. London: NHS Leadership Academy.

Canadian Medical Association. (2013). Canada’s go-to source for physician leadership training. Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association.

Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. The guide of Non Communicable Disease’s control in Community Health Care. Jakarta: Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v5i3.1312

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.